Procedure text

Procedure text is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of action or steps.


It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.
This text uses simple present tense,often imperative sentences.
It also usually uses rhe temporal conjuction such as first,second,then,next,finally,etc.

The structure of this text consist of 3 parts:

~ goal (or title),
~ materials (not required for all procedural text),
~ steps.

However,there is procedural text that only consists of goal and followed by some steps.
The purpose of recount text is to tell how to make or operate something step by step.


Reading text

How to take your pulse = steps.

A timer or watch with a second hand = material.

1. Hold your left hand in front of you with your palm up = step.
2. Place the first there fingertips of your right hand on the inside of your left wrist in the groove below the base of the thumb.
You may need to move your hand around slightly before you can feel the pulse = steps.
3. Use the timer to count the number of times your
hearts beats in the minute = steps.



Example:

-To make a pop ice-

Serving direction:

~ Iced blended (freeze):

Mix in blender:
Pop ice,50 ml of water and ¾ cup of ice.

~ Iced drink (chill):

Disseive:

Pop ice into 100 ml of water and add ¾ cup of ice.
Shake and enjoy.

~ Hot drink:

Disseive:

Pop ice into 150 ml of hot water.
Stir and enjoy.


The end…bye-bye…

Narrative Text

Narrative text is used to entertain and to amuse the readers or listeners.

Narrative text has the structure as follows:

1. Orientation,which sets the scene and introduces the
Participants (it answers the questions who,when,what,and where),then.



2. Evaluation,or the information about the narrator’s
Point of view (it’s optional)

3. Complication,in which a crissis or a problem arises,
Which usually involves the man characters,and finally.

4. Resolution,a solution to the problem (for better or for
Worse).
Here,main characters find ways to solve the problem.

Or

.Title
.Orientation
.Complication
.Resolution
.Re-orientation
.Evalution


The purpose of narrative text is to entertain,create,stimulate emotions,motivate,gve and teach.

Example:

-Myth
-Legend
-Folktale
-Folklore,etc


The function of narrative text is:

*To entertain
*To amuse

Used PAST TENSE


Okey,,guys all about narrative text

Recount Text

Recount text is a reading text to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

One kind of text that tells about the past experience:

A.The GN:

.Orientation

Set the scene.
It provides the back arouds inform ation needed to under stand the text such as what it happened.

.Events

The frequency on incidents.
At various stages,there may be some personal comment on the incide we call it re- orientation.

.Re- orientation (the condusion of the story)

It’s used to retell past events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.

B.It’s uses past tense


Example:


Dear Dona,

Orientation: On Saturday I went to mounth Bromo.
istayed as Maya’s house at cemara lawang,
Probolinggo.
It has a big garden with lots,of colourful 
flowers and a fish pond.
Events : On Sunday Fryska and I saw gunung Bacok 
and went on the sceni’c ride on horse balk.
It was scary,the we went to get a cluswok 
at the mountain.
We took pictures of the beaful sceneries 
there on Monday we went to the zoo at
worofrom.
In the afternoon I went home.
Re- Orientation : It was fun.


Love 



Significant lexigogrant niatical features:

1. Focus
2. Uses of material processes
3. Cercumstances of time 
4. Use of past tense
5. Focus on temporal sequence.

Announcements

Announcements is something said,written,or printed to make know that has happened or (more often) what will happen.

In writing an announcement,keep the following pants the title/type or event,date/time,and contact person.

We can find the announcement on television,radio,newspaper,billboard,magazine,etc.

Example:

Announcements:

COMMITTEE
School Trip To Golden Sands Beach

On 28th of august.
The school will haid a school trip to golden sands beach.
Departure time : 07:30 am
Programs: morning swimming,games,volley ball,launch in 
The sea view restaurant 
Afternoon walk along the beach to the logoon:
Watch the boat festival.
Fee: Rp.50.000,00
Contact person: Fryska,Indah
Chair person:


.Anne Saragih.


Ok,,guys,,finish……..

Giving Instructions

Giving instruction is an expression for give or ask somebody to do something we want somebody to do.

The kind of giving instruction:

1. Command

Example:

Wash your hand!
Eat your meal!
Sit down!
Sweep the floor!
Open your book!
Close your book!
Open the door,please!
Come here!
Move the chair!
Take a bath!


2. Prohibition

Example:

Don’t climb!
Don’t eat!
Don’t forget!
Don’t life!
Don’t swim!
Don’t open it!
Don’t read!
Don’t write!
Don’t call him!

1. Command

- verb (to) eq: watch our & come here
- please + v (to) eq: please clean you room
- v (to) + please to eq: wash this badroom please
- would you please to + v (to) eq: would you please to wait for me
- would you mind + v-ing (to) eq: I would you mind bring these boxes

2. Prohibition

- don’t + v (o) eq: don’t close it!
- don’t + v (to) + please eq: please don’t kick him….
- would you mind not + v-ing (to) eq: would you mind not 
reading my diary
- would you please not to + verb (+o) eq: would you please not to.


Example dialoque:

Fryska: Adhi,come here,please
Adhi: ok..! what’s up?
Fryska: help me move the box,please
Adhi: sure!!


The end

Gaining Attention

Gaining attention is an attempt to get people’s attention because there is something to tell about.


Showing attention:

-look at you
-how beautiful
-that’s wonderful
-what’s the matter?
-is everthing all right?

Gaining attention:

-attention,please
-excuse me
-look here
-listen to me,please
-waiter?


Example dialogue:

The teacher: attention,please
Today we will see a movie in the self access 
center.
What do you think?
The student: that’s cool!
That’s great!


Finish……..

Happines Expression

Expressing happiness is a kind of text that to expression a happiness feeling.

Example:

1. I’m happy because……
2. I’m so glad that you….
3. I’m happy today….
4. I’m very happy
5. I’m really delighted about
6. great
7. terrific
8. fantastic



Example:

Mom: fryska,why don’t you eat 
I’ve cooked your favorit food
Chiken curry
Fryska: have you? Great! I have eaten it for a long time


The end………..

Appointment

Appointment is something with a greemet together form other person.

And’’

Making an appointment is making a plan to do something with someone or people for now and future.


Example formal:

I’d like to make an appointment with….(mr.Dio)
I want to make an appointment to see …..(mrs.Dina),etc

Example in-formal:

Can I come and see you?
What about…(Saturday)?,etc


Accepting an appointment:

All right,see you there..
No problem,I’m free on….(Friday)
It’s a deal,etc

Canceling an appointment:

I’m sorry,I’m very busy
I’m terribly sorry,I have to putt of my appointment,etc

Changing an appointment:

What about….(Monday at 09.00 a.m)?
Is that ok! If we meet at 19.00 tomorrow evening?,etc


Example dialogue:

After school….!

Fryska: Yuli,I have a serious problem
I need to talk you
Could we meet today?
Yuli: what time..?
Fryska: after the session
Yuli : ok! I’ll be there




-All about making appointment-

Invitation

Invitation is the way to invite someone to join something..

Example;is we want to invite someone,we could say like 
this.
.I would like you to…
.Shall we….?
.How about…..?
.Would you like…..?

Example;if we want to except an invitation we could say

.Thank you,I’ll come….
.All right!
.Of….!
.Of course!I’ll come….
.Yes I’ll join to…..

Example;to refuse an invitation

.I would love to,but……
.It’s good,but…..
.Sorry,It’s good,but I can’t…..
.Actualy I want to join,but unfortunetly


-Offering an invitation:

*I’d like you to come to dinner
*I’d like to ask you to come swimming
*Would you like to go to the theater with me on Saturday 
night
*How about going to the football match with me tomorrow 
afternoon.


-Accepting an invitation:

*Thanks,I’d be glad to go
*Yes,thanks. I’d be happy to go
*Thanks so much for inviting me
*Let’s meet at the school canteen
*Yes,I’d love to
*Sure
*Great
*All right


-Declinning an invitation:

*I’m so sorry,I’ll be very busy tomorrow night
*I’m afraid that’s not to God for me,what about after 
lunch?



Example dialogue:

Kevin: Would you like to go camping us next holiday?
Listra: I’d love to
Kevin: really
Listra: ok..! I’m waiting you in my house,tomorrow




-The end guys-

Greetings

Greeting is suatu salam ataupun sambutan yang biasana digunakan untuk menyapa(baik secara formal atau non-formal)atau dalam bahasa inggrisnya something that you say/do to greet


Example:

Hello,hai
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good night
What’s up,,etc

Introducing people:

What’s your name?
My name is….
I am
Heven’t we meet before?
Yes,I think we have
No,I don’t think we have
Nice too see you


Formal greeting:

Good morning(until about lunch time,or before 12 a.m)
Good afternoon(12-6 p.m)
Good evening(until about 9 p.m)
Good morning,sir

Note:do not use “goo day”,except in Australia







Informal greeting

Example:

Hi,lizzy!
Morning,Ri!
Hello




Intial greeting

Example:

How are you?
How’s it going?
How are you doing?
How’s life


Responding to intial greetings

Example:

Very well,thanks and how are you?
I’m good/okay/alright
Very well thanks
No too bad,thanks
Fine,thanks
Excellent


Pre-closing

Example:

Ok,then….
I’ve go to go now
So I’ll see you next week
I must be going home



Closing/leave-taking

Example :

Good bye
Bye-bye
Bye now
See you
Take care



That’s all about greeting…^_^

Simple Present tense

Simple present tense is the sentence that use to express an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a schedule event or something that often happens.

There two kinds of simple present tense :

1. NOMINAL SENTENCE
(simple present tense without verb)
Formula :
(+) S + Tobe + Adj/Noun/Adv
(-) S + Tobe + not + Adj/Noun/Adv
(?) Tobe + S + Adj/Noun/Adv ?

Example :

(+) They are tired
(-) They are not tired
(?) Are they tired ?

(+) I am sick
(-) I am not sick
(?) Am I sick ?

(+) She is a teacher
(-) She is not a teacher
(?) Is she a teacher ?


2. VERBAL
(simple present tense with verb)
Formula :
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O/C
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C ?

There are three important note:
1. For the 3 rd person singular (she, he, it) we add “s” or “es” to the main verb (only for positive tense).
With most verb, the 3 rd person singular form is created simply by adding – S. However, with some verb, you need to add –ES change the ending a little.
Here are the rules :
Verb ending in ... How to make the 3 rd person singular Example
s Add -ES He passes
z Add -ES She apologizes
sh Add -ES She wishes
ch Add -ES He watches
Consonant + y Change Y to I, then add -ES It flies
2. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
3. For the verb tobe, we do not use an auxiliary, even for question and negative sentences.


Example :

(+) Amir writes short story
(-) Amir does not write short story
(?) Does Amir write short story?


(+) Yunita, Riana, Sharon, and Dhea study together
(-) They do not study together
(?) Do they study together?


(+) Mola and I play tennis every afternoon
(-) We do not play tennis every afternoon
(?) Do we play tennis every afternoon ?

The some frequency that use in simple present tense :
- Always
- Usually
- Often
- Never
- Sometimes
- Seldom

Examples :
- I always remember you
- They are usually here
- We often eat in restaurant
- I never cry
- She sometimes forgets
- He seldom studies

Uses of present simple:
We uses the present simple for describes general truths, facts and scientific laws.
Example : the earth moves round the sun.

- We use the present simple for direction.
Example : the earth moves round the sun.

- We us the present simple for direction.
Example : you come out of the station.
Then you turn tight.

- We use the present simple for habits and routines.
Example : I watch TV every day.

- We use the present simple for things that are true and that normally happe
Example : Children like playing.

- We use the present simple for things which you like or dislike.
Example : He likes short stories


- We use present simple for permanent situation
Example : He lives in London.


- We use the present simple for procedures,
Example : He interview boys.


- We use the present simple for perceptions.
Example : The food smells good.